The Basics of Motorcycles
Motorcycles are powered by internal combustion engines that convert reciprocating piston motion into rotary — or crankshaft — movement. This is transferred through a chain or belt to the back wheel, which turns and propels the bike forward. The rider steers and controls the throttle and brakes with two hand levers and feet on pedals.
The frame is made of tubular or sheet metal, but aluminum and composite are common materials. The wheels are usually aluminum or steel rims with spokes, although cast and forged wheels also exist. Tires are similar to automobile tires, but are narrower and rounded to permit leaning the bike into a turn without losing traction. A streamlined fairing helps with steering geometry and inertia, and gyroscopic effects improve stability at high speed. The rider’s exposed body and engine are a source of drag that increases as the square of the velocity, so higher speeds require more power. This was solved by the cabin cycle, which wraps a hull around the basic cycle frame and isolates the driver from the outside air.
Motorcycle fuel economy benefits from their small size compared to other motor vehicles, and they generally have high engine power outputs for their weight. This allows them to accelerate quickly, with most middleweight and full-size bikes easily out-accelerating all but the fastest cars on the road.
Riding a motorcycle requires physical skills and mental alertness, as well as a willingness to learn and practice. This process can provide a sense of personal growth and mastery, as well as a feeling of connection with a larger community of riders. Whether it’s waving to fellow motorcyclists at a stoplight, or the camaraderie of a local motorcycle club, these connections can contribute to a deep and satisfying life.